1951 The United States Census purchases the UNIVAC, the first big commercially built computer.
1954 Texas Instruments announces the start of commercial production of silicon transistors.
1956 In 1956, John Bardeen, William Shockley, and Walter Brattain share the Nobel Prize in Physics for creating the transistor.
1958 At Texas Instruments, Jack Kilby demonstrates the first integrated circuit (computer chip).
1959 In August 6, Monsanto Chemical Company announces a new business enterprise in St. Charles County, Missouri. Monsanto Electronic Materials Company (MEMC), the first merchant manufacturer of silicon wafers, begins production before the end of the year. Originally called the "St. Charles Plant," after the county in which it resides, it produces 19mm-diameter wafers.
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